Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal - 1188 Words

The United States Supreme Court has recognized that multiple rights related to family that fall within the right to privacy and are granted significant constitutional protection. It is a matter of some dispute, however, which rights do or should fall within the contours of the right to privacy and, further, how narrowly those rights should be defined - most specifically, the topic of same sex marriage. While a copious amount of people agree that same sex marriage is no different than heterosexual marriage and should be awarded the same protection, others argue that it is an infringement upon family values, tradition, and religious sensibilities. Over the past few years, several state appellate courts have looked at whether their†¦show more content†¦A matter of some dispute includes the criteria that is used by the Court to decide which rights qualify for this raised protection and how the extent of those rights should be defined. During the 1970s, a gay rights movement, patterned in many ways after the civil rights and women’s rights movements, developed momentum as the sexual revolution spurred new social and sexual mores, which in turn prompted legislatures to repeal many state laws regulating sexuality. For instance, some 20 states, including California and Ohio, struck from the books their anti-sodomy laws. Still, by the mid-1980s, laws that prohibited certain acts between people of the same sex, and in some cases between those of the opposite sex, remained in force in 25 states. (The Constitutional Dimensions of the Same-Sex Marriage Debate) Although the legal battle over same-sex marriage is rooted, in part, in the question of whether state and federal constitutions protect a right to privacy, the word â€Å"privacy† never actually appears in the U.S. Constitution. (Shmoop Editorial Team, The Gay Marriage Debate and the Due Process Clause) However, the Constitution does recognize several rights relating to privacy. For example, the Fourth Amendment recognizes the importance of privacy interests when it stipulates that because citizens

The Language Arts Program - 1379 Words

Part A What is the Null Hypothesis (Ho)? There is no difference in mean WAVFT score between student who did not take the language arts program and the students who did. What is the Alternative Hypothesis? There is a difference in mean WAVFT score between students who did not take the language art program and the students who did. What is (are) the Independent Variable(s)? The independent variable of this study is the language arts program. There are two levels: students who did take the language arts program, and students who did not take the language arts program. What is (are) the Dependent Variable(s)? The dependent variable of this study is the scores from Western Australian Verbal Fluency Test (WAVFT). Describe the possible†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, it is also beneficial to do a repeated-measure design with a pretest; this procedure could help to minimize random and unsystematic differences. Part B: Research Analyses – t-test Results and Discussion A paired samples t test with an a of .05 was used to compare mean amount of eye contact between infants aged six months (M=7.25, SD = 1.909), and nine months (M = 8.75, SD = 2.053). On average, the amount of eye contact among infants aged nine months is higher than the six-months (M = 1.5, SD = 2.138), in this study. The mean difference was not statistically significant, t(7) = -1.984, p = .088, d = 0.76, two tails. (see figure 1) Figure1. Number of one-minute segments with eye-contact at different age. The present study suggests that there is no significant evidence to show that different age leads to different amount of eye contact during infancy. However, this result might be caused by the small sample size, because the effect size in this study is relatively large. This study design has two possible confounds: first is the individual differences in terms of temperament, second is that the difference in the amount of eye contact might relates to different everyday child-adult interaction pattern. To improve the validity of the study, it is essential to increase the size of sample, meanwhile, it is important to notice that primary social caregivers should not only implied as the mother of

“Chronicle of a Death Foretold” by Gabriel Garcia Free Essays

â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen) This essay will look at Gabriel Garcia’s Chronicle of a Death Foretold and Mariama Ba’s So Long a letter in relation to the topic ‘Social and Economic Status as a bane of women Empowerment’. Gabriel Garcia and Mariama Ba in their works have depicted women’s eagerness for social and economic status to empower themselves. Women were shown to have gone as far as destroying their children’s happiness for their own desires and satisfactions. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example a number of them have used their daughters by marrying them off to men in possession of a good fortune, regardless of what their daughters felt about the men. The women in the forefront who were in the lookout for social and economic status to empower themselves were Pura Vicario from Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Binetou’s and Ramatoulaye’s mothers and Aunty Nabou, from So Long a Letter. However there are a number of women which were portrayed differently, namely, Ramatoulaye and Aissatou in So Long a Letter, and Alberta Simonds in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Women especially from especially lower class used their daughters as a mean of gaining social and economic status by marrying them off to wealthy men. Their views on their daughters’ marriage entailed their own self-centeredness only. Pura Vicario for example in Chronicle of a Death Foretold forced her daughter, Angela Vicario, into marriage with San Bayardo, a very wealthy man; because she believed it would pull her out of poverty towards a more respectable upper class distinction. Angela was not only forced by her mother but also her sisters and when Angela told them that she does not love Bayardo, her mother silenced her by telling her that love can be learned too. â€Å"†¦her parents and her older sisters with their husbands, gathered together in the parlor, imposed on her the obligation to marry a man whom she had barely seen.† (Marquez 34) The twins stayed out of it saying that it looked to them like woman problems. That proves that it were the women in the family who were really concerned about Angela’s marriage with Bayardo so that they could be empowered through gaining socio-economic status. However, their dreams of escaping from lower class and gaining socio-economic status came to an ultimate end when Bayardo returned her daughter after he found out that she was not a virgin. Pura saw her daughter’s marriage with Bayardo as a golden chance to see herself better off socially and economically, which Pura lamented as they had missed it, all because of Angela who had premarital sex. Similarly, Binetou’s mother in So Long a Letter also took advantage of her daughter Binetou. She quickly withdrew her daughter from studies to marry her off to Modou. In Modou she saw his wealth and believed that her daughter’s marriage with Modou could empower her and uplift her socio-economic status. So, she also wanted to escape poverty and have socio-economic status as Daba, Ramatoulaye’s daughter, described her â€Å"†¦her mother is a woman who wants so much to escape from mediocrity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ba, 36) She was satisfied by Modou’s wealth, he promised her a villa, monthly allowance, jewels and a future trip to Mecca. But she made it seem like as if she was worried for the welfare of her daughter and her happiness but her frantic thoughts and tense nerves surrounded herself. She reasoned that it was best if her daughter married a man who could guarantee her a good life. However, it was apparent that she did not really care about her daughter as she did not take into consideration how her daughter felt about Modou and she did not care about her daughter’s education either. She saw her welfare in wealth and financial stability, a man twice the age of her daughter or a man with already twelve children did not matter to Binetou’s mother. So, it was evident that Binetou’s mother’s intentions were not for her daughter’s good but rather for her own desire to empower herself by gaining socio-economic status. Ramatoulaye’s mother also seemed to desire social and economic status. She also in a way preferred her daughter Ramatoulaye to choose wealth over love. She did not like her daughter’s choice of Modou amid knowing that they both loved each other; she wanted her to marry Dauda Dieng because of his higher socio-economic status as opposed to Modou, since he was a doctor. Similarly, Aunty Nabou wanted her son Mawdo to marry someone from the same caste to upkeep the family’s status. She totally regretted his marriage to a goldsmith’s daughter Aissatou. Aunty Nabou saw her son, a man of higher caste marrying a blacksmith daughter, as a humiliation to her and a stain to her generation. Therefore, she decided to bring her brother, Farba Diouf’s daughter Young Nabou to marry her with her son. She educated Nabou before forcing Mawdo to marry her telling him that she will die of shame in the society if he did not accept, so Mawdo accepted. She did so because she wanted to preserve her socio-economic status which she felt was under threat when her son chose to marry outside and someone from a lower caste. So, Aunty Nabou to preserve her social class disregarded her son’s happiness which laid in Aissatou because he truly loved her and she loved him. However, Aunty Nabou did not see this, she only saw her as a goldsmith’s daug hter and hence she saw her socio-economic status as of more importance than her son’s happiness. The only people who stood out differently were Ramatoulaye and Aissatou in So Long a Letter and Albarta Simonds in Chronicle of a Death Foretold. They were the only characters who knew the importance of love in marriage and had put love prior to wealth or socio-economic status. They knew that marriage should consist of love, financial stability, and happiness, rather than just financial stability or socio-economic status. Ramatoulaye despite being proposed to by a millionaire Dauda, she went on to marry Modou whom she loved as she said â€Å"†¦ I preferred the man in the eternal khaki suit.† (Ba, 16) So she married considered love as of more importance than wealth. She refused Dauda even after Modou’s death. She too could have opted to marry Dauda and escaped mediocrity and financial burden. Also, she could have enjoyed a higher socio-economic status than before by marrying Dauda, but she did not do so because she did not love him and she knew that this act of her would destroy another woman’s life; the woman who was already married to Dauda. Ramatoulaye, herself was cheated by her husband and therefore knew how it feels, so she did not want to Dauda’s current wife to go through the same as she was. Aissatou was also one of the few who knew the importance of love and happiness in marriage and had put love prior to wealth and socio-economic status. She divorced her husband Mawdo and went away when he took a second wife, Young Nabou, which shows that she did not want to share her husband and could not bear to see her husband with another woman in her house. That showed the importance of, love, financial stability, and happiness as a whole in marriage to Aissatou rather than financial stability or socio-economic status alone. Alberta Simonds, Bayardo’s mother is the only woman who is seen to be completely different. Alberta did not resist her son’s marriage to Angela who was not only someone from outside their generation but also someone from a lower caste. So, unlike Aunty Nabou in Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Alberta did not see her son’s marriage to Angela as a humiliation or threat to their social and economic status. Perhaps she was aware of son Bayardo’s love for Angela and therefore she saw her as the right girl for him. In conclusion, it can be clearly seen social and economic status as a bane of women empowerment. Women sought of empowering themselves through social and economic status by marrying of their daughters to a man with good fortune. Their views on marriage of their daughters entailed their own self-centeredness as they were mainly concerned about their own selfish struggle and fears of financial stability and a secured future. Love was never a factor for the mothers in the marriage of their daughters; they did not care how their daughters’ felt about the man. Mariama Ba and Gabriel Garcia show that those women strongly believed that a person’s worthiness is not determined by personality or love but by wealth. The only importance they saw was financial stability and socio-economic status, unlike a few other characters that were aware of the importance of love, financial stability, and happiness as a whole. How to cite â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia, Papers