The Language Arts Program - 1379 Words

Part A What is the Null Hypothesis (Ho)? There is no difference in mean WAVFT score between student who did not take the language arts program and the students who did. What is the Alternative Hypothesis? There is a difference in mean WAVFT score between students who did not take the language art program and the students who did. What is (are) the Independent Variable(s)? The independent variable of this study is the language arts program. There are two levels: students who did take the language arts program, and students who did not take the language arts program. What is (are) the Dependent Variable(s)? The dependent variable of this study is the scores from Western Australian Verbal Fluency Test (WAVFT). Describe the possible†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, it is also beneficial to do a repeated-measure design with a pretest; this procedure could help to minimize random and unsystematic differences. Part B: Research Analyses – t-test Results and Discussion A paired samples t test with an a of .05 was used to compare mean amount of eye contact between infants aged six months (M=7.25, SD = 1.909), and nine months (M = 8.75, SD = 2.053). On average, the amount of eye contact among infants aged nine months is higher than the six-months (M = 1.5, SD = 2.138), in this study. The mean difference was not statistically significant, t(7) = -1.984, p = .088, d = 0.76, two tails. (see figure 1) Figure1. Number of one-minute segments with eye-contact at different age. The present study suggests that there is no significant evidence to show that different age leads to different amount of eye contact during infancy. However, this result might be caused by the small sample size, because the effect size in this study is relatively large. This study design has two possible confounds: first is the individual differences in terms of temperament, second is that the difference in the amount of eye contact might relates to different everyday child-adult interaction pattern. To improve the validity of the study, it is essential to increase the size of sample, meanwhile, it is important to notice that primary social caregivers should not only implied as the mother of